Re: Is Boris the One Blinking First?
Australia has agreements with the EU related to trade, but it does not yet have a comprehensive free trade agreement in place; indeed, it has been*negotiating*one with the EU since July 2018.
The bulk of EU-Australia trade is currently done according to World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules.
But they do have other*agreements*in place, on trade and other issues:
- framework agreement:
in 2017, the two sides reached a so-called framework agreement (which is yet to be ratified) that establishes general principles of cooperation on a wide range of areas including trade, foreign policy and security, and development and humanitarian issues, among others;
- EU crisis management operations:
in 2015, the two sides reached an agreement to allow Australia to participate in EU crisis management operations;
- passenger name records:
in 2012, the two parties reached an agreement on the transfer of EU passenger-name records (PNR) to Australian border authorities to help combat crime and terrorism;
- mutual recognition agreement:
also in 2012, they updated their existing mutual recognition agreement (MRA) for conformity assessments, certifications and markings;
- classified information:
in 2011, an EU-Australia agreement entered into force allowing the exchange of classified information;
- wine:
an agreement on trade in wine was made in 2008;
- there are also other agreements on the peaceful use of*nuclear energy*and*scientific cooperation; and
- Australia has many bilateral agreements with EU countries, such as on*aviation, where it does not have an arrangement with the EU.
In short, EU-Australia cooperation extends well beyond trade.
Is an Australian-style deal just code for no deal?
Yes. Australia does not have a comprehensive free trade agreement with the EU, so the bulk of their trade is done according to WTO rules.
The same would be true of UK-EU trade in the event of no deal. In practice, this would mean tariffs being placed on many goods traded between the UK and the EU, alongside some quota restrictions and customs checks (Northern Ireland*would be treated differently).
But the impact of no deal for the UK would not be limited to trade in goods. No deal would mean cutting all formal bilateral ties with the EU come January 2021, including in other crucial areas such as judicial and police cooperation.
By contrast, as discussed above, Australia has a series of agreements in place across a range of issues and is seeking a free trade agreement with the EU to improve on WTO terms.
https://ukandeu.ac.uk/explainers/wha...text=Australia has agreements with the,Trade Organisation (WTO) rules