The winter of 1962–63, known as the Big Freeze of 1963, was one of the coldest winters (defined as the months of
December, January and February) on record in the United Kingdom. Temperatures plummeted and lakes and rivers began to freeze over.
In the Central England Temperature (CET) record extending back to 1659, only the winters of 1683–84 and 1739–40 were colder than 1962–63.
The winter of 1962–63 remains the coldest since at least 1895 in all meteorological districts of the United Kingdom except Scotland North, where the two winters of 1978–79 and 2009–10 were colder.
December 1962
A wintry outbreak brought snow to the country on 12–13 December. A cold easterly set in on 22 December as an anticyclone formed over Scandinavia, drawing cold continental winds from Russia. Throughout the Christmas period, the Scandinavian high collapsed, but a new one formed near Iceland, bringing northerly winds. Significant snowfall occurred as the air mass moved south, and parts of Southern England had heavy snow late on 26–27 December. The cold air became firmly established.
29 and 30 December 1962
On 29 and 30 December 1962 a blizzard swept across South West England and Wales.
Snow drifted to more than 20 feet deep in places, driven by gale force easterly winds, blocking roads and railways. The snow stranded villagers and brought down power lines. The near-freezing temperatures meant that
the snow cover lasted for more than two months in some areas. Snow was 6 inches deep in Manchester city centre, 9 inches in Wythenshawe, and about 18 inches at Keele University in Staffordshire. By the end of the month, there were
snow drifts 8 feet deep in Kent and 15 feet deep in the west.
January 1963
With an average temperature of −2.1 °C (28.2 °F),
January 1963 remains the coldest month since January 1814 in Central England, although in Northern England, Scotland and Northern Ireland February 1947 was colder, and December 2010 was colder in Northern Ireland. Much of England and Wales was covered in snow throughout the month. The country experienced temperatures as low as −19.4 °C (−2.9 °F) at Achany in Sutherland on the 11th. Freezing fog was a hazard for most of the country.
In January 1963,
the sea froze for a mile from shore at Herne Bay, Kent. The sea froze inshore in many places, removing many British inland waterbirds’ usual last resort of finding food in estuaries and shallow sea. The sea froze 4 miles out to sea from Dunkirk. The upper reaches of the River Thames froze over, although it did not freeze in Central London, partly due to the hot effluent from two thermal power stations, Battersea and Bankside. The removal of the multi-arched London Bridge, which had obstructed the river's free flow, and the addition of the river embankments kept the river from freezing in London as it had in earlier times.
On 20 January, 283 workers had to be rescued by RAF helicopters from Fylingdales, where they had been snowbound for several days. The ice was thick enough in some places that people were skating on it, and on 22 January
a car was driven across the frozen Thames at Oxford. Icicles hung from many roof gutterings, some as long as 3 feet.
On 25 January there was a brief thaw that lasted three days.
February 1963
Snow continued to fall in February 1963, which was stormy with winds reaching Force 8 on the Beaufort scale (gale-force winds).
A 36-hour blizzard caused heavy drifting snow in most parts of the country.
Drifts reached 20 feet in some areas and gale-force winds reached up to 81 mph. On the Isle of Man, wind speeds were recorded at 119 mph.
March 1963
March 6 was the first morning of the year without frost in Britain. Temperatures rose to 17 °C (62.6 °F) and the remaining snow disappeared.